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Il Bosforo e i Dardanelli collegano il mar Nero al Mediterraneo; 3,7 milioni di barili al giorno hanno attraversato i Dardanelli nel primo semestre 2025. Il Bosforo è lungo 17 mn e si restringe a meno di mezzo miglio. Le petroliere di 200 m o più lo attraversano solo di giorno, piloti e rimorchiatori di scorta sono vivamente raccomandati e le forti correnti chiudono lo stretto alle petroliere.
| Voce | Valore | Condizioni | Data | Fonte |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| daylight-only transit | LOA ≥ 200 m | Bosporus; oil/chem/gas tankers (laden or not gas-free); also all ships ≥250 m, deep-draught ships, tows | in force 1 Jan 2024, consolidated with 1 Oct 2025 amendments (file 7 Oct 2025) | T.C. UAB Denizcilik Genel Müdürlüğü (A) |
| pilot + tugs | strongly recommended | Bosporus; tankers ≥150 m (Art. 15(1)–(2)) | 2025 consol. | DGM (A) |
| daylight + pilot + tugs | strongly recommended | Dardanelles; tankers ≥200 m, deep-draught ships (Art. 15(4), amended 1 Oct 2025) | 2025 consol. | DGM (A) |
| escort tug bollard pull | ≥ 60 t | ship LOA ≥150 m (Art. 7(1)(e)) | 2025 consol. | DGM (A) |
| current limits | 4–6 kn: tankers <10 kn not admitted; 6–7 kn: tankers not admitted; ≥7 kn: closed kn | Art. 14 | 2025 consol. | DGM (A) |
| deep-draught definition | ≥ 15 m | 2019 Regulation definitions | 15 Aug 2019 | Resmî Gazete (D) |
| light dues, transit w/o call (round trip) | 2.814 / 1.407 USD per NT | first 800 NT / NT above 800; foreign merchant ship | in force 16 Sep 2026 | Kıyı Emniyeti Genel Müdürlüğü (A) |
| rescue dues, transit w/o call (round trip) | 0.67 USD per NT | foreign merchant ship | 16 Sep 2026 | KEGM (A) |
| pilotage per strait passage | 600 + 107 per extra 1,000 GRT USD | non-passenger column (label inferred); stage 3 h Istanbul / 5 h Çanakkale | 16 Sep 2026 | KEGM (A) |
| escort tug fee, tanker 150–299.99 m | 10,000 (Istanbul) / 12,000 (Çanakkale, 200–299.99 m) USD per passage | fixed fee | 16 Sep 2026 | KEGM (A) |
| oil flow 1H25 (Dardanelles) | 3.7 (crude 2.2 / products 1.5) mb/d | 1H25 | EIA World Oil Transit Chokepoints (updated 2026-03-03; flows from Vortexa) (B) | |
| length | Bosporus 17 nm; Dardanelles 37 nm; narrowest <0.5 nm nm | EIA World Oil Transit Chokepoints (updated 2026-03-03; flows from Vortexa) (B) |